
The Carmentalia (January 11 and 15) was the festival of Carmentis, or Carmenta,
a prophetic goddess who was the most important of the Camenae. These two days
were among the most distinguished festivals of the Roman matrons because
Carmentis was considered to be the goddess of childbirth. The traditions which
assign a Greek origin to her worship state that her original name was
Nicostrate, and that she was the mother of Evander, with whom she came to Italy.
After arriving in Latium with her son, she began to prophesy on the Capitoline
hill, and was afterwards revered as a deity. Carmentis is also credited with the
invention of the Latin alphabet. The Temple of Carmentis in Rome was situated
near the Porta Carmentalis, southeast of the Capitoline. It was entered
barefooted because of a prohibition against leather. A flamen Carmentalis and
pontifices assisted in her worship. Two Carmentes, called Porrima and Postverta,
were worshipped as her sisters and attendants. Ovid (Fasti, 1. 617) describes
the second day of the festival on January 15 thus: When the third sun shall look
back on the past Ides, the holy rites will be repeated in honour of the
Parrhasian goddess. For of old, Ausonian matrons drove in carriages. Afterwards
the honour was taken from them, and every matron vowed not to propagate the line
of her ungrateful spouse by giving birth to offspring; and lest she should bear
children, she rashly by a secret thrust discharged the growing burden from her
womb. They say the senate reprimanded the wives for their daring cruelty, but
restored the right of which they had been mulcted; and they ordained that now
two festivals be held alike in honour of the Tegean mother to promote the birth
of boys and girls. It is not lawful to bring leather into her shrine, lest her
pure hearths should be defiled by skins of slaughtered beasts. If you have any
love of ancient rites, attend the prayers offered to her; you shall hear names
you never heard before, Porrima and Postverta are placated, whether they be thy
sisters, Maenalian goddess, or companions. The one is thought to have sung of
what was long ago, the other of what should come to pass hereafter.
4 commenti:
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